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Abstract: Japanese Encephalitis Virus: an Emerging Threat

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection that occurs predominantly in Asia and the Pacific Islands. It is transmitted by mosquito bites, with the main vector being Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and is maintained in enzootic cycles involving pigs, wild birds and mosquitoes. JE is caused by infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a zoonotic pathogen that also causes disease in mammals such as pigs and horses. In humans, most symptoms are mild or flu-like but can progress to encephalitis. Pigs are considered amplification hosts, and sows may have gestational complications. Horses may exhibit neurological signs. Detection of the virus can be confirmed by serological or molecular laboratory tests. 

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The Beef x Dairy Evolution

Video: The Beef x Dairy Evolution

Feeder cattle coming from dairies look a lot more like their beef counterparts due to the growing number of dairy producers incorporating beef cattle genetics. These cattle, commonly referred to as Beef x Dairy, have helped keep feedyards and meat cases full during a time of record low beef cattle numbers.