Cattle Chat: Water Requirements in the Summer

Jul 01, 2024

On a hot summer day, there is nothing better than a cool drink of clean water to quench one’s thirst. For cattle out on pasture, their need for clean, accessible water is important for good health, said the experts from Kansas State University’s Beef Cattle Institute on a recent Cattle Chat podcast.

“Cattle that are eating dry hay will need to consume more water than cows eating fresh grass, and if they are in a hot environment they’ll drink about twice as much water as cows in the winter,” K-State beef cattle nutritionist Philip Lancaster said.

In the summer, Lancaster estimates the cows need to drink about two gallons of water for every 100 pounds of body weight. And adult cattle aren’t the only animals on pasture with a need for water.

“Even though their diet is mainly milk, calves also need to drink water to help their rumen properly digest any foods they are starting to consume,” Lancaster said.

Not only is it important to provide water access for cattle, but the quality of the water is key to good health, K-State veterinarian Bob Larson said.

“Anytime cattle are not hydrated as well as they could be, they are suspectable to disease as in the case of pneumonia,” Larson said.

One source of water for cattle on pastures is ponds.

“When the water quality is important, it is best to keep the cattle out of the ponds by fencing them out and piping the water to a tank,” K-State Research and Extension fisheries specialist Joe Gerken said. “Having a pipe that runs through an earthen dam regulates the temperature so the cattle will want to drink more.”

Another option is to grant the cattle limited access to the pond by fencing them out except for a gravel path to one part of the pond, Gerken said.

“Depending on the herd size, generally speaking, this path is from 20-40 feet wide, and because it is gravel, the cattle won’t linger as long due to the way it feels on their hooves,” Gerken said.

He also said the gravel keeps sediment from filling the pond.

“With this system, the pond can be healthy, and the cattle can still get the benefits they need from it,” Gerken said.

To hear the full discussion, listen to Cattle Chat on your preferred streaming platform.

Source : k-state.edu

Video: US Soy: Pig growth is impaired by soybean meal displacement in the diet

Eric van Heugten, PhD, professor and swine extension specialist at North Carolina State University, recently spoke at the Iowa Swine Day Pre-Conference Symposium, titled Soybean Meal 360°: Expanding our horizons through discoveries and field-proven feeding strategies for improving pork production. The event was sponsored by Iowa State University and U.S. Soy.

Soybean meal offers pig producers a high-value proposition. It’s a high-quality protein source, providing essential and non-essential amino acids to the pig that are highly digestible and palatable. Studies now show that soybean meal provides higher net energy than current National Research Council (NRC) requirements. Plus, soybean meal offers health benefits such as isoflavones and antioxidants as well as benefits with respiratory diseases such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS).

One of several ingredients that compete with the inclusion of soybean meal in pig diets is dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS).

“With DDGS, we typically see more variable responses because of the quality differences depending on which plant it comes from,” said Dr. van Heugten. “At very high levels, we often see a reduction in performance especially with feed intake which can have negative consequences on pig performance, especially in the summer months when feed intake is already low and gaining weight is at a premium to get them to market.”

Over the last few decades, the industry has also seen the increased inclusion of crystalline amino acids in pig diets.

“We started with lysine at about 3 lbs. per ton in the diet, and then we added methionine and threonine to go to 6 to 8 lbs. per ton,” he said. “Now we have tryptophan, isoleucine and valine and can go to 12 to 15 lbs. per ton. All of these, when price competitive, are formulated into the diet and are displacing soybean meal which also removes the potential health benefits that soybean meal provides.”