FINDING THE LIGHT: How mental health advocate and hog farmer survived the dark days of COVID

Sep 08, 2023

LISTOWEL — Stewart Skinner has made no bones about reaching the brink of suicide in December 2012. The sixth-generation hog farmer didn’t go through with hanging himself in the barn that day. Instead, he reached out for help. He’s been a public advocate for farmer mental health ever since.

But COVID restrictions took a heavy toll. In January, 2022, he tweeted in part: “I watched the prosperity my partner and I had built since 2015 evaporate as COVID shutdowns and shipping delays derailed our supply chain and caused massive financial losses… paid therapy became such a negative trigger that I was worse off after an appointment than going in. I was sick, I was angry.

“People are made extremely uncomfortable by hearing stark truth about what goes on in the mind of a mentally ill person. Sure they happily tweet a hashtag but if you confront them with a personal lived experience that challenges their own world view they are no longer interested in your story.”

He added : “They don’t want to hear about how I was scared to walk by the stairs holding an infant child because of the voices that crept into my head telling me to toss the child over the railing. They want the good but not the ugly.”

Last year, as the pandemic retreated into the rearview mirror, Skinner wrote an article highlighting how the policies of the COVID era returned him to a dark place mentally — by pounding his business and cutting off access to people — his basketball buddies, his church community and the local greasy spoon. “Over the past two years, I have watched the model I constructed to keep my resilience up be torn apart, ironically, in the name of keeping me safe,” Skinner wrote in the Canadian Hog Journal in April 2022.

With an additional year of hindsight, Farmers Forum recently asked Skinner about the pandemic’s toll and his recovery.

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Video: Can Gene Editing Give Seeds a Stronger Start?

Reagan Reed has a way of describing his research that might make a plant breeder pause.

“I’m the sort of person who likes to break things to understand them,” he says.

What he breaks are genes involved in seed germination. Reed, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of California, Davis, is investigating whether changing those genes can help seeds establish healthy plants under a wider range of conditions.

Reed recently attended the National Association for Plant Breeding meeting in College Station, Texas, as an NAPB Borlaug Scholar. His work speaks to a question that matters well beyond a research lab: what does it take for a seed to get a crop off to a strong start?

A seed that germinates quickly, alongside the others planted with it, spends less time vulnerable to stresses before seedlings become established.

“If you’re able to bridge that gap between germination to stand establishment, then that’s going to give you the highest probability of having a solid yield that year,” Reed says. “There’s a bunch that can go wrong after that, but it maximises your yield from the start, at least.”

Reed works in Dr. Imtiyaz Khanday’s lab at UC Davis, where his research focuses on seed quality in tomatoes and potatoes. He brings an unusual academic background to the work: at Skidmore College, he studied both biology and Latin.

Reed believes that combination prepared him for research. Translating an ancient text means studying each word, weighing its possible meanings and using context to reach the best interpretation. There is rarely a way to know with complete certainty what an author intended. Science, he says, requires a similar willingness to work through uncertainty.

“Attention to detail and comfortability working with uncertainty,” is how he sums up what Latin taught him.

In the lab, uncertainty can produce a surprise. Reed describes changing one gene and seeing little effect. Changing a second gene also appears to do little. Put both changes in the same genetic background, though, and the result can be substantial.

“I break this gene, nothing really happens. I break this other gene, nothing really happens. I combine them into the same genetic background, and now there’s a massive effect,” he says.

Those interactions matter as researchers gain the ability to edit multiple genes at once. They also complicate any simple account of how a trait works: improving a seed may depend on understanding what several genes do together.

For Reed, the question is whether that knowledge could help seeds germinate reliably when conditions are difficult. Some of the genes he studies prevent germination under certain conditions. That response may serve a plant well in one setting while limiting its usefulness in agriculture. He wants to learn what happens when those genes are changed, and whether the result improves establishment.

Yet a discovery that works in a lab still has a long way to travel before it reaches a field. Reed argues that agricultural biotechnology faces an economic challenge as well as a scientific one. New tools can create value for farmers, he says, but developing them requires a way to support the work in an industry where margins can be thin.

His fellowship with Flagship Pioneering gave him a view across AI, agriculture-related work and human health research. It also reinforced the importance of bringing people with different expertise into the same conversation—a benefit of gatherings such as the NAPB meeting.

“You need to have a team of people with different backgrounds who are willing to work together and approach the same problem in different perspectives and different ways,” he says.

That thinking connects the different parts of Reed’s path. Latin taught him to examine details without expecting a perfect answer. Gene editing lets him test what individual genes do—and what happens when their effects combine. Working with people beyond his own field helps him ask what those findings could become.

He came to agriculture because of its reach: the possibility that work by a small group of researchers could eventually make a difference on a much larger scale. His immediate focus is smaller and more precise. He wants to understand what helps a seed get through its first days and become a healthy plant.