Getting a Better Handle on Methane Emissions From Livestock

Cattle, swine and poultry contribute a hefty portion to the average American's diet, but raising all this livestock comes at a cost to the environment: The industry produces a lot of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Just how much gas the animals release, however, is the subject of debate. Now, one group reports in ACS' journal Environmental Science & Technology that a new approach could shed light on how accurate current data are.

 

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the livestock industry is the second-biggest methane emitter in the U.S. The gas comes from the microbial fermentation that occurs in the animals' stomachs, resulting in digestion-related (enteric) emissions, and from fermentation in their manure. The total amount depends on the type of animal, what the animals eat and how their manure is stored. For example, cattle that mostly consume grain-based feed release significantly less enteric methane than cattle that graze on pasture. But current estimates of total livestock methane emissions may rely on outdated emission factors and do not fully consider feed intake and differences in animal diets, or the facilities used to store manure. These data gaps lead to large uncertainties in methane emission figures. To better understand livestock contributions to these emissions in the U.S., Alexander Hristov and colleagues sought to fill in the missing data gaps.