Dairy herds of the future will need to be able to adapt to changing environmental conditions, while also feeding the world efficiently and with the lowest possible emissions footprint. An international initiative, The Resilient Dairy Genome Project, is bringing together a large-scale, interdisciplinary team to develop genomic tools to help dairy farmers achieve this goal. In the project's key paper, out now in the Journal of Dairy Science, the team outlines the creation of a standardized international genetic and phenotypic database and the crucial first step toward developing the genomic tools needed for tomorrow’s resilient, healthy, and productive herds.
Two main components of this resilient herd of the future are feed efficiency—or the ability of an animal to produce more milk with less feed—as well as the amount of methane produced by the cow along the way. Increasing efficiency and decreasing methane emissions can not only maximize producers’ profitability but also reduce the dairy sector’s overall environmental impact. Selecting for these traits means having reliable data on genotypes—the gene underlying the traits—as well as phenotypes—the observable characteristics of the trait resulting from the interaction of the genotype with the cow’s environment.
The lead investigator of the study—and the leader of the project as a whole—Christine Baes, PhD, of the Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, explains, “Our ability to generate internationally impactful genomic tools for resilient dairy cows requires us to first to have a global grasp of genotypes and high-quality phenotypes.”
Baes and her team set out to not only gather this massive dataset but also to develop strategies for managing and standardizing the data. No small feat considering the quantity of data and the differences in how they’re recorded, measurement technology used, diversity of genotyping, management practices, and nutrition across countries.
The project’s database currently includes information from seven countries—Australia, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States—that contribute data three times per year. The information includes pedigree, calving, production, feed efficiency, environmental emissions, genotype, and milk mid-infrared spectral files, all merged to provide a shared global database.
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