Every year is a learning year right now for Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service entomologists and anyone else dealing with the sugarcane aphid, both on grain sorghum and forage sorghum in the Texas High Plains.
Dr. Ed Bynum, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service entomologist in Amarillo, explains sugarcane aphid treatments and results during a recent forage sorghum field day.
“We have a lot more information about grain sorghum than we do on the forage sorghum,” said Dr. Ed Bynum, AgriLife Extension entomologist at Amarillo.
Bynum, participating in a recent forage sorghum turn-row meeting near Bushland, said the crops are pretty close to each other, the major difference being the grain sorghums are shorter and the forage sorghums are taller and have more leaf area.
“But I think the type of damage the sugarcane aphid is causing is basically going to be the same regardless of whether it’s forage sorghum or grain sorghum.”
What is known, he said, is the amount of yield loss is greater in grain sorghums when infestations become established in the whorl stage than during the flowering and grain-filling stages.
“We know when infestations get started in the whorl stage and you don’t do anything to protect the sorghum, you can have as much as 80 to 100 percent yield loss in that grain sorghum,” Bynum said.
“So, I would expect that it would be similar to that in these forages. Looking at the forage sorghum plots, what was evident is where infestations were really heavy, they were not putting on the amount of grain as others that did not have as heavy an infestation.”
Forage sorghum plots with grain sorghum borders show the differences in heights and leaf canopy.
Bynum said specific data will be coming in after Dr. Jourdan Bell, AgriLife Extension agronomist in Amarillo, and her team measure the grain yield, silage yield and quality.
While the biggest expected damage from the sugarcane aphid is the loss of grain yield, he said it also weakens the stalk. So in forage sorghums that grow taller, weak stalks could result in a lot of lodging.
Another thing worth noting, Bynum said, is the grain sorghum trials infested at the grain-filling and dough growth stages saw yield losses of only about 20 percent.
Sugarcane aphid infestations can cause lodging, in addition to yield loss.
“So there is a lot of difference between when the sugarcane aphids begin to build up in the grain sorghums and also the forage sorghums, I believe,” he said. “The question is, what kind of management practices can you do to try to avoid the level of damage you get?”
After two years of infestations in the High Plains, he said they know the aphids generally are brought in from the South.
“They don’t overwinter north of Amarillo, or haven’t in the last two years, so we know that the aphids have to be blown back in here,” Bynum said.
Colonies of sugarcane aphids can establish at a rapid pace once a plant is infested and untreated.
In the South Plains, they begin infesting sorghums in the early part of June and populations build in July, he said. But infestations the last two years in the Amarillo area and north haven’t been seen until August and into September.
Colonies of sugarcane aphids can establish at a rapid pace once a plant is infested and untreated.
“Your management practices need to aim at avoiding the sugarcane aphids until you can get the forage sorghums at a later growth stage,” Bynum said. “I would think that if you can adjust your planting dates and plant earlier, you can get into the field and get the crop up and get it cut before you get the sugarcane aphid damage.”
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