By Mike Rankin
It’s time. Time for stockpiling pastures in an effort to extend the grazing season and conserve stored hay reserves.
“Stockpiling forage is one of least expensive ways of feeding cattle,” says Dennis Hancock, University of Georgia Extension forage agronomist. “Most economists have found that stockpiled forage can be fed at about one-third the cost of feeding hay and about two-thirds the cost of grazing winter annuals.”
Hancock and others who tout the benefits of stockpiling also are quick to point out that success is tied to management. Though many grass species can be stockpiled, tall fescue is often cited as the most valuable player among the forage options. Further, it has wide adaptability from south to north. Bermudagrass is also a preferred choice, especially in the far South.
“Essentially, all tall fescue varieties can be stockpiled,” notes Hancock, “but the nontoxic or novel endophyte varieties generally are the best from an animal performance perspective. Varieties such as Kentucky 31 and Jesup may still have alkaloid concentrations that are high enough to depress weight gains or pregnancy rates.”
When stockpiling bermudagrass, Hancock prefers the hybrids such as Tifton 85, Tifton 78, Tifton 44, Russell, or Coastal. These are more productive in late summer and early fall and have higher resistance to late-season fungal diseases than most common varieties.
Livestock producers can expect stockpiled tall fescue to produce 1 to 1.5 tons of standing dry matter per acre. Bermudagrass, depending on variety, can range from 0.75 to over 1.5 tons of dry matter forage. On the high-end of the range is Tifton 85. Hancock notes that both tall fescue and bermudagrass provide more than adequate nutritional qualities for dry cows through most winters and for lactating beef cows into late January (tall fescue) or late December (bermudagrass).
The Georgia forage specialist cites two management factors (other than variety selection) as keys to successful stockpiling. The first is adequate soil fertility, especially nitrogen. Hancock suggests the addition of 40 to 60 pounds of nitrogen per acre following the last cutting or grazing before forage is stockpiled. This assumes that soil pH, phosphorus and potassium soil levels are already adequate.
Kentucky on-farm trials in 2014 conducted by its Master Grazer program prove Hancock’s point. Participating farms applied 100 pounds of urea (46 pounds of actual nitrogen) after clipping, leaving an area in each pasture unfertilized to compare the yield differences. The nitrogen application plots had an average yield of 3,650 pounds of dry matter per acre. Plots with no nitrogen fertilizer averaged 2,101 pounds of dry matter per acre, a difference of 1,549 pounds.
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