By Mark Loux
It’s been a strange couple of years. Shortages and supply chain problems (ask any cyclist who likes to break things often). And just when you think anything else couldn’t happen, the supply of glyphosate, which is usually way more abundant than water in the American West, has apparently become short. This is forcing decisions about where glyphosate has the most value. We have talked with suppliers who are already saving the glyphosate for spring/summer next year and going with other options for fall burndown for wheat and later fall applications for winter weeds. In the end, we have alternatives, but at increased cost or reduced effectiveness in certain situations. A continued shortage will cause more problems in next year’s crops than it does now though.
Herbicide options for burndown of existing weeds prior to emergence of no-till wheat include glyphosate, Gramoxone, Sharpen, and dicamba. Among these, the combination of Sharpen plus either glyphosate or Gramoxone probably provides the best combination of efficacy on marestail, flexibility in application timing and residual control. While Gramoxone alone should control small seedlings of marestail and other winter annuals, its overall effectiveness is usually boosted by mixing with another herbicide, which could include Sharpen, or dicamba if applied if applied early enough ahead of planting. Dicamba labels have the following restriction on preplant applications – “allow 10 days between application and planting for each 0.25 lb ai/A used”. A rate of 0.5 lb ai/A would therefore need to be applied at least 20 days before planting. We do not know of any 2,4-D product labels that support the use of 2,4-D prior to or at the time wheat planting. There is some risk of stand reduction and injury to wheat from applications of 2,4-D too close to the time of planting. Liberty and other glufosinate products are also not labeled for use as a burndown treatment for wheat. This is not an injury risk issue – the company controlling the glufosinate label just won’t spend the money to label it for burndown in additional crops. Be sure to use the appropriate adjuvants with any of these, and increase spray volume to 15 to 20 gpa to ensure adequate coverage with Sharpen or Gramoxone.
Another option in fields that are not that weedy now is to skip the at-plant burndown and instead apply postemergence herbicides in early November. There are several effective postemergence herbicide treatments for wheat that can be applied at that time to control most winter annual weeds. Effective postemergence treatments for the weeds commonly encountered include Huskie, Quelex, or mixtures of low rates of dicamba with either Peak, tribenuron (Express etc), or a tribenuron/thifensulfuron premix (Harmony Xtra etc). We discourage application of 2,4-D to emerged wheat in the fall due to the risk of injury and yield reduction. It’s also possible to use a combination of tribenuron or tribenuron/thifenslfuron with a low rate of metribuzin (e.g. up to 2 oz/A of 75% formulations). The dicamba mixtures have been effective on dandelion in OSU research. Where winter annual grasses are present, be sure to use the appropriate postemergence herbicide based on the grass species. The wheat herbicide effectiveness table in the weed control guide has ratings on several key grasses. Fall-applied herbicides are more effective on these grasses than spring-applied. Note – the Anthem Flex ratings are for residual control only, not control of emerged plants.
Source : osu.edu